The Subterranean Chamber Was Below the Water Table for ~9,000 Years
Full Description
The Subterranean Chamber floor sits at approximately +30m above sea level. Published geophysical surveys show the current water table averages +15m asl (with localised highs of +40-58m south of Khafre). During the African Humid Period (11,000-5,000 years ago), rainfall at Giza was 8-24x higher than today, and the Nile discharge was dramatically elevated. The Sheisha et al. (PNAS
- pollen core study shows the Khufu Branch was at its
Holocene maximum during this period. Conservative estimates place the AHP water table at +40-55m asl — 10-25metres ABOVE the chamber floor. The chamber would have flooded automatically from the aquifer. The Descending Passage, connecting the chamber to the surface at ~77m asl entrance, would have its lower section permanently submerged. Seasonal water table fluctuations would create cyclical water level changes in the passage — the driving condition for hydraulic ram pump oscillation. This persisted from approximately 10,000 BCE to approximately 1,000 BCE when the water table dropped below the chamber level due to progressive aridification — a window of ~9,000 years of automatic water- powered operation.
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Cross-Match Analysis
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